Portraits of American Life Study
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The PALS seeks to understand the impact of religion in everyday life, and ultimately the connections between religious change and other forms of change among diverse individuals and families over the course of their lives.
Results & Summaries
In the last few years, how often have you felt that God is punishing you for your sins or lack of spirituality? (ARA_5)


Variable Comparisons

[Age | Gender | Political Ideology | Race | Religious Tradition | Region | Education ]

Age

18 to 29 years old 30 to 44 years old 45 to 59 years old 60 to 74 years old 75 years and older TOTAL
Refused 0.2%
1		 0.9%
6		 1.5%
10		 3.9%
15		 2.4%
3		 1.5%
35
Don't know 0.6%
3		 0.9%
6		 0.1%
1		 1.3%
5		 0.0%
0		 0.6%
15
Never 40.5%
193		 48.1%
316		 50.8%
344		 59.8%
228		 62.4%
78		 50.0%
1159
Rarely 23.9%
114		 20.4%
134		 19.2%
130		 17.1%
65		 13.6%
17		 19.9%
460
Sometimes 28.9%
138		 24.8%
163		 25.3%
171		 16.0%
61		 12.8%
16		 23.7%
549
Very often 4.0%
19		 3.8%
25		 2.2%
15		 1.6%
6		 7.2%
9		 3.2%
74
Every day or almost every day 1.9%
9		 1.1%
7		 0.9%
6		 0.3%
1		 1.6%
2		 1.1%
25
Missing 78 91 76 31 15 291
TOTAL 100.0%
477		 100.0%
657		 100.0%
677		 100.0%
381		 100.0%
125
2317


Gender

Female Male TOTAL
Refused 1.8%
22		 1.2%
13		 1.5%
35
Don't know 0.6%
8		 0.7%
7		 0.6%
15
Never 52.2%
654		 47.4%
505		 50.0%
1159
Rarely 19.8%
248		 19.9%
212		 19.8%
460
Sometimes 22.1%
277		 25.6%
273		 23.7%
550
Very often 2.6%
33		 3.9%
42		 3.2%
75
Every day or almost every day 1.0%
12		 1.3%
14		 1.1%
26
Missing 98 193 291
TOTAL 100.0%
1254		 100.0%
1066
2320


Political ideology

Very liberal Somewhat liberal Middle of the road Somewhat conservative Very conservative Haven't thought much about it Missing TOTAL
Refused 0.9%
1		 0.6%
2		 0.4%
2		 0.8%
4		 0.5%
1		 3.6%
22
3		 1.4%
32
Don't know 0.0%
0		 1.2%
4		 0.5%
3		 0.8%
4		 0.0%
0		 0.7%
4
0		 0.7%
15
Never 61.8%
68		 44.9%
149		 47.1%
263		 55.9%
265		 50.2%
104		 48.3%
297
12		 49.9%
1146
Rarely 14.5%
16		 29.8%
99		 24.0%
134		 17.1%
81		 17.9%
37		 14.6%
90
3		 19.9%
457
Sometimes 16.4%
18		 19.0%
63		 21.9%
122		 23.4%
111		 29.0%
60		 28.0%
172
4		 23.8%
546
Very often 3.6%
4		 3.9%
13		 3.8%
21		 1.9%
9		 1.4%
3		 3.9%
24
0		 3.2%
74
Every day or almost every day 2.7%
3		 0.6%
2		 2.3%
13		 0.0%
0		 1.0%
2		 1.0%
6
0		 1.1%
26
Missing 57 48 75 31 16 60 0 287
TOTAL 100.0%
110		 100.0%
332		 100.0%
558		 100.0%
474		 100.0%
207		 100.0%
615
22
2296


Race

White Black Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander Other TOTAL
Refused 1.1%
18		 2.7%
7		 1.3%
4		 3.0%
3		 0.0%
0		 4.3%
3		 1.5%
35
Don't know 0.3%
5		 0.8%
2		 1.3%
4		 4.0%
4		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.6%
15
Never 50.7%
800		 42.2%
109		 55.9%
170		 48.0%
48		 44.4%
4		 38.6%
27		 49.9%
1158
Rarely 20.8%
328		 16.7%
43		 15.1%
46		 24.0%
24		 0.0%
0		 27.1%
19		 19.8%
460
Sometimes 23.4%
369		 31.0%
80		 20.7%
63		 17.0%
17		 55.6%
5		 24.3%
17		 23.8%
551
Very often 2.9%
46		 5.0%
13		 3.9%
12		 3.0%
3		 0.0%
0		 1.4%
1		 3.2%
75
Every day or almost every day 0.8%
12		 1.6%
4		 1.6%
5		 1.0%
1		 0.0%
0		 4.3%
3		 1.1%
25
Missing 232 21 18 8 0 13 292
TOTAL 100.0%
1578		 100.0%
258		 100.0%
304		 100.0%
100		 100.0%
9		 100.0%
70
2319


Religion

Black Protestant Evangelical Protestant Mainline Protestant Catholic Unaffiliated Other TOTAL
Refused 2.1%
3		 1.6%
11		 1.5%
5		 1.7%
11		 0.0%
0		 1.5%
4		 1.5%
34
Don't know 1.4%
2		 0.6%
4		 0.0%
0		 0.9%
6		 0.9%
2		 0.4%
1		 0.6%
15
Never 35.5%
50		 51.3%
348		 55.5%
191		 44.9%
293		 51.1%
119		 58.8%
157		 50.0%
1158
Rarely 15.6%
22		 17.1%
116		 21.2%
73		 22.1%
144		 19.3%
45		 22.1%
59		 19.8%
459
Sometimes 37.6%
53		 25.8%
175		 19.5%
67		 24.8%
162		 23.6%
55		 14.2%
38		 23.7%
550
Very often 6.4%
9		 2.8%
19		 1.5%
5		 4.0%
26		 4.7%
11		 1.9%
5		 3.2%
75
Every day or almost every day 1.4%
2		 0.9%
6		 0.9%
3		 1.5%
10		 0.4%
1		 1.1%
3		 1.1%
25
Missing 6 15 17 41 176 36 291
TOTAL 100.0%
141		 100.0%
679		 100.0%
344		 100.0%
652		 100.0%
233		 100.0%
267
2316


Region

Northeast Midwest South West TOTAL
Refused 1.8%
7		 1.4%
8		 1.5%
12		 1.5%
8		 1.5%
35
Don't know 0.5%
2		 0.3%
2		 0.9%
7		 0.7%
4		 0.6%
15
Never 50.7%
192		 49.2%
290		 45.4%
363		 56.8%
313		 49.9%
1158
Rarely 22.7%
86		 18.1%
107		 19.9%
159		 19.6%
108		 19.8%
460
Sometimes 22.2%
84		 26.9%
159		 26.1%
209		 18.0%
99		 23.8%
551
Very often 1.6%
6		 2.2%
13		 4.9%
39		 2.9%
16		 3.2%
74
Every day or almost every day 0.5%
2		 1.9%
11		 1.4%
11		 0.5%
3		 1.2%
27
Missing 61 31 81 118 291
TOTAL 100.0%
379		 100.0%
590		 100.0%
800		 100.0%
551
2320


Education

No high school diploma GED or high school diploma Vocational/technical diploma or Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate degree Other Missing TOTAL
Refused 7.0%
20		 0.8%
8		 0.2%
1		 0.8%
3		 0.9%
2		 1.5%
1
0		 1.5%
35
Don't know 1.4%
4		 0.6%
6		 0.5%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.5%
1		 1.5%
1
0		 0.6%
14
Never 47.9%
136		 47.7%
453		 48.6%
210		 55.9%
204		 55.7%
123		 48.5%
32
0		 50.0%
1158
Rarely 12.0%
34		 19.2%
182		 22.5%
97		 20.3%
74		 29.0%
64		 15.2%
10
0		 19.9%
461
Sometimes 24.6%
70		 26.6%
253		 25.0%
108		 21.1%
77		 13.1%
29		 18.2%
12
2		 23.7%
549
Very often 4.2%
12		 3.7%
35		 2.8%
12		 1.4%
5		 0.9%
2		 13.6%
9
0		 3.2%
75
Every day or almost every day 2.8%
8		 1.4%
13		 0.5%
2		 0.5%
2		 0.0%
0		 1.5%
1
0		 1.1%
26
Missing 22 106 48 55 46 6 0 283
TOTAL 100.0%
284		 100.0%
950		 100.0%
432		 100.0%
365		 100.0%
221		 100.0%
66
2
2318
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