Portraits of American Life Study
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The PALS seeks to understand the impact of religion in everyday life, and ultimately the connections between religious change and other forms of change among diverse individuals and families over the course of their lives.
Results & Summaries
In the last three years how often have you wondered whether God had abandoned you? (ARA_7)


Variable Comparisons

[Age | Gender | Political Ideology | Race | Religious Tradition | Region | Education ]

Age

18 to 29 years old 30 to 44 years old 45 to 59 years old 60 to 74 years old 75 years and older TOTAL
Refused 0.2%
1		 0.8%
5		 1.6%
11		 3.4%
13		 1.6%
2		 1.4%
32
Don't know 0.6%
3		 0.8%
5		 0.1%
1		 1.3%
5		 0.0%
0		 0.6%
14
Never 59.1%
282		 56.8%
374		 56.6%
383		 58.5%
223		 67.5%
85		 58.1%
1347
Rarely 21.2%
101		 23.3%
153		 20.5%
139		 21.3%
81		 15.1%
19		 21.3%
493
Sometimes 16.6%
79		 15.8%
104		 18.8%
127		 14.4%
55		 7.9%
10		 16.2%
375
Very often 1.0%
5		 1.8%
12		 2.2%
15		 0.3%
1		 7.9%
10		 1.9%
43
Every day or almost every day 1.3%
6		 0.8%
5		 0.1%
1		 0.8%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.6%
15
Missing 78 91 76 31 15 291
TOTAL 100.0%
477		 100.0%
658		 100.0%
677		 100.0%
381		 100.0%
126
2319


Gender

Female Male TOTAL
Refused 1.4%
18		 1.2%
13		 1.3%
31
Don't know 0.5%
6		 0.8%
8		 0.6%
14
Never 55.2%
692		 61.5%
655		 58.1%
1347
Rarely 21.9%
274		 20.5%
218		 21.2%
492
Sometimes 19.3%
242		 12.5%
133		 16.2%
375
Very often 1.2%
15		 2.7%
29		 1.9%
44
Every day or almost every day 0.6%
7		 0.8%
9		 0.7%
16
Missing 98 193 291
TOTAL 100.0%
1254		 100.0%
1065
2319


Political ideology

Very liberal Somewhat liberal Middle of the road Somewhat conservative Very conservative Haven't thought much about it Missing TOTAL
Refused 0.9%
1		 0.3%
1		 0.2%
1		 0.8%
4		 0.5%
1		 3.2%
20
3		 1.2%
28
Don't know 0.0%
0		 0.9%
3		 0.5%
3		 0.6%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.6%
4
0		 0.6%
13
Never 65.8%
73		 53.9%
178		 54.1%
301		 64.8%
306		 60.8%
127		 56.4%
348
14		 58.1%
1333
Rarely 10.8%
12		 22.7%
75		 27.5%
153		 19.5%
92		 21.5%
45		 18.5%
114
1		 21.4%
491
Sometimes 18.9%
21		 19.7%
65		 14.0%
78		 12.5%
59		 14.4%
30		 19.0%
117
4		 16.1%
370
Very often 3.6%
4		 2.1%
7		 2.5%
14		 1.7%
8		 2.4%
5		 1.1%
7
0		 2.0%
45
Every day or almost every day 0.0%
0		 0.3%
1		 1.1%
6		 0.0%
0		 0.5%
1		 1.1%
7
0		 0.7%
15
Missing 57 48 75 31 16 60 0 287
TOTAL 100.0%
111		 100.0%
330		 100.0%
556		 100.0%
472		 100.0%
209		 100.0%
617
22
2295


Race

White Black Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander Other TOTAL
Refused 1.1%
18		 2.3%
6		 1.0%
3		 1.0%
1		 0.0%
0		 4.3%
3		 1.3%
31
Don't know 0.3%
5		 0.4%
1		 1.6%
5		 3.9%
4		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.6%
15
Never 57.3%
904		 56.6%
146		 65.5%
199		 57.8%
59		 55.6%
5		 48.6%
34		 58.0%
1347
Rarely 22.6%
357		 17.4%
45		 14.5%
44		 24.5%
25		 11.1%
1		 28.6%
20		 21.2%
492
Sometimes 16.3%
258		 19.4%
50		 15.8%
48		 9.8%
10		 33.3%
3		 10.0%
7		 16.2%
376
Very often 1.8%
29		 3.1%
8		 1.3%
4		 2.0%
2		 0.0%
0		 2.9%
2		 1.9%
45
Every day or almost every day 0.5%
8		 0.8%
2		 0.3%
1		 1.0%
1		 0.0%
0		 5.7%
4		 0.7%
16
Missing 232 21 18 8 0 13 292
TOTAL 100.0%
1579		 100.0%
258		 100.0%
304		 100.0%
102		 100.0%
9		 100.0%
70
2322


Religion

Black Protestant Evangelical Protestant Mainline Protestant Catholic Unaffiliated Other TOTAL
Refused 1.4%
2		 1.5%
10		 1.5%
5		 1.7%
11		 0.0%
0		 1.1%
3		 1.3%
31
Don't know 0.7%
1		 0.1%
1		 0.0%
0		 1.4%
9		 0.9%
2		 0.4%
1		 0.6%
14
Never 58.2%
82		 55.6%
377		 60.2%
207		 57.4%
375		 58.3%
137		 63.1%
169		 58.1%
1347
Rarely 14.9%
21		 21.2%
144		 26.2%
90		 19.3%
126		 21.3%
50		 22.8%
61		 21.2%
492
Sometimes 22.0%
31		 18.9%
128		 10.2%
35		 17.5%
114		 15.7%
37		 11.6%
31		 16.2%
376
Very often 2.1%
3		 2.1%
14		 1.2%
4		 2.3%
15		 2.6%
6		 0.7%
2		 1.9%
44
Every day or almost every day 0.7%
1		 0.6%
4		 0.9%
3		 0.5%
3		 1.3%
3		 0.4%
1		 0.6%
15
Missing 6 15 17 41 176 36 291
TOTAL 100.0%
141		 100.0%
678		 100.0%
344		 100.0%
653		 100.0%
235		 100.0%
268
2319


Region

Northeast Midwest South West TOTAL
Refused 1.3%
5		 1.4%
8		 1.4%
11		 1.3%
7		 1.3%
31
Don't know 1.3%
5		 0.3%
2		 0.3%
2		 0.9%
5		 0.6%
14
Never 53.8%
204		 60.8%
358		 56.4%
451		 60.6%
334		 58.1%
1347
Rarely 26.1%
99		 19.7%
116		 19.8%
158		 21.6%
119		 21.2%
492
Sometimes 14.2%
54		 16.8%
99		 18.9%
151		 12.9%
71		 16.2%
375
Very often 2.9%
11		 0.3%
2		 2.3%
18		 2.4%
13		 1.9%
44
Every day or almost every day 0.3%
1		 0.7%
4		 1.0%
8		 0.4%
2		 0.6%
15
Missing 61 31 81 118 291
TOTAL 100.0%
379		 100.0%
589		 100.0%
799		 100.0%
551
2318


Education

No high school diploma GED or high school diploma Vocational/technical diploma or Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate degree Other Missing TOTAL
Refused 6.7%
19		 0.8%
8		 0.2%
1		 0.3%
1		 0.9%
2		 1.5%
1
0		 1.4%
32
Don't know 1.1%
3		 0.5%
5		 0.5%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.5%
1		 3.1%
2
0		 0.6%
13
Never 59.7%
169		 56.2%
534		 61.5%
265		 57.0%
208		 62.0%
137		 50.8%
33
2		 58.1%
1346
Rarely 11.0%
31		 22.4%
213		 21.1%
91		 26.6%
97		 23.5%
52		 12.3%
8
0		 21.2%
492
Sometimes 17.7%
50		 17.5%
166		 14.8%
64		 15.3%
56		 11.8%
26		 20.0%
13
0		 16.2%
375
Very often 1.1%
3		 2.0%
19		 1.9%
8		 0.8%
3		 0.9%
2		 12.3%
8
0		 1.9%
43
Every day or almost every day 2.8%
8		 0.6%
6		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.5%
1		 0.0%
0
0		 0.6%
15
Missing 22 106 48 55 46 6 0 283
TOTAL 100.0%
283		 100.0%
951		 100.0%
431		 100.0%
365		 100.0%
221		 100.0%
65
2
2316
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