Portraits of American Life Study
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The PALS seeks to understand the impact of religion in everyday life, and ultimately the connections between religious change and other forms of change among diverse individuals and families over the course of their lives.
Results & Summaries
Thinking about your relationship with your spouse/partner in the past year, how often would you say that your spouse/partner hits or slaps you? (ARH_5)


Variable Comparisons

[Age | Gender | Political Ideology | Race | Religious Tradition | Region | Education ]

Age

18 to 29 years old 30 to 44 years old 45 to 59 years old 60 to 74 years old 75 years and older TOTAL
Refused 0.0%
0		 0.7%
4		 2.1%
11		 3.4%
10		 1.4%
1		 1.6%
26
Don't know 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.3%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
1
Never 88.5%
192		 94.8%
531		 95.5%
510		 92.8%
270		 94.4%
67		 93.8%
1570
Rarely 7.8%
17		 4.1%
23		 2.2%
12		 2.4%
7		 4.2%
3		 3.7%
62
Once or twice a month 0.9%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
3
Once a week 1.8%
4		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.3%
5
A few times a week 0.0%
0		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 1.0%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
4
Once a day 0.9%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
2
Missing 338 188 220 121 70 937
TOTAL 100.0%
217		 100.0%
560		 100.0%
534		 100.0%
291		 100.0%
71
1673


Gender

Female Male TOTAL
Refused 1.3%
11		 1.9%
16		 1.6%
27
Don't know 0.1%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
1
Never 95.7%
784		 92.2%
787		 93.9%
1571
Rarely 2.1%
17		 5.2%
44		 3.6%
61
Once or twice a month 0.4%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
3
Once a week 0.1%
1		 0.5%
4		 0.3%
5
A few times a week 0.0%
0		 0.4%
3		 0.2%
3
Once a day 0.2%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
2
Missing 533 404 937
TOTAL 100.0%
819		 100.0%
854
1673


Political ideology

Very liberal Somewhat liberal Middle of the road Somewhat conservative Very conservative Haven't thought much about it Missing TOTAL
Refused 1.1%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.5%
2		 0.8%
3		 0.0%
0		 5.0%
20
0		 1.6%
26
Don't know 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.3%
1
0		 0.1%
1
Never 93.2%
82		 94.1%
240		 95.6%
394		 96.9%
342		 97.5%
155		 87.9%
350
7		 93.9%
1563
Rarely 5.7%
5		 5.1%
13		 3.2%
13		 2.0%
7		 1.9%
3		 5.0%
20
0		 3.7%
61
Once or twice a month 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.8%
3
0		 0.2%
3
Once a week 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.3%
1		 0.0%
0		 1.0%
4
0		 0.3%
5
A few times a week 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.7%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.6%
1		 0.0%
0
0		 0.2%
4
Once a day 0.0%
0		 0.8%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0
0		 0.1%
2
Missing 81 124 219 150 65 279 0 918
TOTAL 100.0%
88		 100.0%
255		 100.0%
412		 100.0%
353		 100.0%
159		 100.0%
398
7
1665


Race

White Black Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander Other TOTAL
Refused 1.3%
16		 3.2%
4		 2.5%
5		 1.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 1.6%
26
Don't know 0.1%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
1
Never 95.0%
1162		 92.8%
116		 87.8%
173		 94.1%
80		 100.0%
6		 91.9%
34		 93.9%
1571
Rarely 2.9%
36		 3.2%
4		 7.6%
15		 4.7%
4		 0.0%
0		 5.4%
2		 3.6%
61
Once or twice a month 0.1%
1		 0.0%
0		 1.0%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
3
Once a week 0.2%
2		 0.0%
0		 1.0%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 2.7%
1		 0.3%
5
A few times a week 0.2%
3		 0.8%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
4
Once a day 0.2%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
2
Missing 590 153 123 23 3 45 937
TOTAL 100.0%
1223		 100.0%
125		 100.0%
197		 100.0%
85		 100.0%
6		 100.0%
37
1673


Religion

Black Protestant Evangelical Protestant Mainline Protestant Catholic Unaffiliated Other TOTAL
Refused 1.4%
1		 2.1%
10		 1.5%
4		 1.3%
6		 1.8%
4		 1.0%
2		 1.6%
27
Don't know 0.0%
0		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
1
Never 94.2%
65		 95.1%
443		 95.4%
250		 92.7%
419		 88.7%
197		 97.0%
197		 93.8%
1571
Rarely 4.3%
3		 2.4%
11		 2.3%
6		 4.0%
18		 9.0%
20		 2.0%
4		 3.7%
62
Once or twice a month 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.7%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
3
Once a week 0.0%
0		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.7%
3		 0.5%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.3%
5
A few times a week 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.7%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
3
Once a day 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.8%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
2
Missing 78 229 100 242 188 101 938
TOTAL 100.0%
69		 100.0%
466		 100.0%
262		 100.0%
452		 100.0%
222		 100.0%
203
1674


Region

Northeast Midwest South West TOTAL
Refused 0.3%
1		 2.8%
11		 1.7%
10		 1.2%
5		 1.6%
27
Don't know 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.1%
1
Never 97.3%
291		 93.3%
364		 91.8%
527		 94.4%
388		 93.8%
1570
Rarely 1.7%
5		 2.6%
10		 5.9%
34		 3.2%
13		 3.7%
62
Once or twice a month 0.3%
1		 0.3%
1		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
3
Once a week 0.3%
1		 0.3%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.7%
3		 0.3%
5
A few times a week 0.0%
0		 0.8%
3		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.2%
4
Once a day 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.5%
2		 0.1%
2
Missing 141 232 308 256 937
TOTAL 100.0%
299		 100.0%
390		 100.0%
574		 100.0%
411
1674


Education

No high school diploma GED or high school diploma Vocational/technical diploma or Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate degree Other Missing TOTAL
Refused 9.6%
18		 0.8%
5		 0.6%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.9%
2		 2.6%
1
0		 1.7%
28
Don't know 0.0%
0		 0.2%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0
0		 0.1%
1
Never 84.0%
157		 94.4%
591		 94.7%
302		 97.6%
279		 94.4%
202		 94.9%
37
2		 93.8%
1568
Rarely 4.3%
8		 3.5%
22		 4.4%
14		 2.4%
7		 4.7%
10		 0.0%
0
0		 3.7%
61
Once or twice a month 1.1%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.3%
1		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0
0		 0.2%
3
Once a week 1.1%
2		 0.3%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 2.6%
1
0		 0.3%
5
A few times a week 0.0%
0		 0.5%
3		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0
0		 0.2%
3
Once a day 0.0%
0		 0.3%
2		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0		 0.0%
0
0		 0.1%
2
Missing 118 431 161 134 53 32 0 929
TOTAL 100.0%
187		 100.0%
626		 100.0%
319		 100.0%
286		 100.0%
214		 100.0%
39
2
1671
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